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The Healthy Plate

Turkey 101 for the poultry challenged

Posted Wed, Oct 01, 2008
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Thanksgiving is a feast, complete with many fancy side dishes, gravy, cranberry sauce, and the star of the event: the big gobbler. It's one of the days that cooks across Canada sidle up to the kitchen counter and whip up a truly amazing dinner.

But for many people it's a time to panic. Turkey rookies can go into a complete tail spin at the mere mention of 'preheat oven to 325F(160C).'

Roasting a turkey is a very personal experience. There as many methods out there as opinions on who should be our next great leader.

Foodies start planning their menus in late September. Chefs debate what the perfect temperature to roast is. And some professional cooks will argue that deep fat frying is the way to go. But before you can compete with the pros you need to know the basics. So for all you turkey virgins follow these steps for your inaugural turkey success.

First things first

  • Buy a meat thermometer. The only safe effective way to tell if a turkey is cooked is by internal temperature.
  • Decide on how many people you're serving and then allow 1.5 pounds per person. Sound like a lot? Well you need to factor in that a turkey has bones in it and then there is the dreaded shrinkage, plus you want leftovers.
  • 1.5 pounds is the magic number.
  • Fresh vs. frozen debate

    They both are great choices depending on your needs.

    Some people swear by fresh, but I love the convenience of buying a frozen bird. I get to pick it up before the Thanksgiving rush and then store it in my freezer until I need to start the thawing process.

  • For a frozen bird: Place the frozen turkey on a dish to catch any liquid and allow one day for every four pounds of turkey.
  • Here's where not goofing around in math class will finally come in handy. A sixteen pound turkey will take four days in the fridge.
  • Don't even think about thawing it on the counter, and yes I know our parents used that lovely method but it is one of the best ways to spend most of the day after Thanksgiving in the ER.
  • You can't smell if food is contaminated but your gastrointestinal tract can figure it really quickly out.
  • To overstate: Thaw the turkey in the fridge.
  • Okay, you forgot to take the turkey out of the freezer and its 8:00 am on Thanksgiving morning. Don't panic. Submerge the frozen bird in cold not hot water. Keep changing the water every 30 minutes. It should take about 30 minutes per pound so that sixteen pound bird should be thawed in 8 hours.
  • As long as you don't stuff it you'll be eating some time around 9:00 pm. Just another really good reason why you should write yourself a note to take that sixteen pound frozen bird out of the freezer four days before you need it.

    Fresh turkeys are usually bought a couple of days before Thanksgiving. But I totally hate grocery shopping with the frenzied, hence my attraction to the frozen bird.

    I really love the turkeys that you cook from frozen. No need to thaw. The turkeys are brined before they're stuffed and then flash frozen. For the turkey challenged they really are the easiest bird to cook. All you do is remove the wrapper, place the frozen turkey on a rack in a shallow roasting pan, rub on some canola oil and put it into the oven. You test for doneness exactly the same way as a standard turkey and it comes out moist and juicy every time. For ease and convenience its my bird of choice.

    Wash those hands

    When you cook you need to make sure that your hands are clean.

  • Wash your hands with soap and water before and after turkey prep
  • Wash anything that came into contact with the raw turkey in hot soapy water
  • Wipe counters and taps with paper towels and hot soapy water and a disinfectant
  • Use paper towels not a cloth for all clean up when using raw protein
  •  

    To stuff or not to stuff?

    Health Canada says no. Stuffing is the ideal breeding ground for bacteria. They recommend that the stuffing is cooked separately either in an oven-friendly dish or on the stove top. They also say that if you swear by your family recipe, skip any raw ingredients, stuff loosely, cook till you reach an internal temperature of 165F (75C) and then remove the stuffing from the bird.

    How long to cook? These are the guidelines:

  • 5-6 lbs / 2-4 kg - 3-3 1/4 hours (3 hrs 15 min) stuffed, 2 - 2 3/4 hours (2 hrs 45 min), unstuffed
  • 8-11 lbs. / 4-5 kg - 3 1/2 hours (3 hrs 30 min) - 4 hours stuffed, 2 3/4 (2 hrs 45 min) - 3 1/4 hours (3 hrs 15 min) unstuffed
  • 11-18 lbs. / 5-8 kg - 4- 4 1/2 hours (4 hrs 30 min) stuffed, 3 1/4 hours (3 hrs 15 min) - 3 3/4 hours (3 hrs 45 min) unstuffed
  • 18-22 lbs. / 8-10 kg - 4 1/2 hours (4 hrs 30 min)- 5 hours stuffed, 3 3/4 hours (3 hrs 45 min) - 4 1/4 hours (4 hrs 15 min) unstuffed
  • 22-24 lbs. / 10-11kg - 5 1/4 hours (5 hrs 15 min) - 5 3/4 hours (5 hrs 45 min)stuffed, 4 1/4 hours (4 hrs 15 min) - 4 3/4 hours (4 hrs 45 min) unstuffed
  •  

    Getting it into the Oven - the checklist

  • Wash your hands and the sink
  • Lower the rack in your oven to the lower third
  • Preheat oven to 325F (160C)
  • Get out the paper towels
  • Get out a shallow roasting pan with a rack and set beside the sink (shallow works best. You want to roast the turkey, not steam it)
  • Get out the salt and pepper
  • Have the stuffing ready, if you are going to stuff the bird
  • Get out a knife or scissors
  • Get out a plastic bag for garbage and have it handy
  • Wash your hands
  • Get the turkey out of the fridge
  • Place in sink
  • Remove the wrapper and carefully discard the wrapper into the plastic bag that you have handy
  • Remove the bags of 'goodies' from the large inner cavity and the neck from the smaller neck cavity. Either discard or make a stock out of them. For the stock people you will need a medium saucepan some water, onion, carrot, celery and a clove of garlic. For the non stock people discard the goodies into the plastic bag. Stock people simmer the giblets for at least 4 hours, strain and use for gravy or soup stock
  • Meanwhile back at the sink: Tip the turkey so if there is any blood it runs into the sink and down the drain
  • Wipe the inside of the turkey with paper towels, discard
  • Place the turkey, breast side up on the rack
  • Wash hands
  • Stuff it if you're going to
  • Wash hands
  • Sprinkle the outside of the turkey with salt and pepper
  • Place turkey in oven
  • Wash your hands
  • Congratulate yourself - you got the bird into the oven
  • Set timer for two-thirds of the required cooking time and have a drink or a nap whatever works for you
  • When the timer goes off at the two-thirds mark, wash your hands and take the bird out of the oven and take its temperature. Insert the meat thermometer into the centre of the stuffing.
  • The temperature needs to read 160F (72C) for it to be cooked. If you didn't stuff the turkey insert the thermometer into the deep thigh avoiding hitting a bone. The temperature needs to be 180F (83C). It won't be that temperature, but your oven could be off, adjust for time.
  • Basting every hour is a waste of time - it cools down the oven and the bird which will translate into a longer cooking time and it only tenderizes to 1/8-inch. I baste only in the last hour or so
  • If the turkey is starting to get too brown place a piece of foil loosely over the darkened places
  • Place the turkey back into the oven
  • Wash your hands
  •  

    Is it done?
  • It's all about internal temperatures. Don't be wiggling the legs or cutting into the turkey. You really need that thermometer I keep bringing up.
  • Wash your hands and take the turkey out of the oven
  • Insert the thermometer into the centre of the stuffing. It should read either 160F (72C) or 180F (83C) at the deep thigh.
  • If it's hit those temperatures it's done.
  • Remove the turkey from the roasting pan and set it on a carving platter
  • Now its time for some 'turkey time-out'.
  • Cover the turkey loosely with foil and let sit for 15 minutes. This will allow the juices to redistribute ensuring that your turkey is juicy and the temperature in the stuffing will rise to 165F (75C) ensuring that its cooked
  • Wash your hands
  • Remove foil, remove stuffing and carve.
  • Serve to applause
  •  

    Side Dishes

  • If you're having a large crowd delegate the rest of the dinner. Get your friend to bring some nibbles, your Aunt Bernice to bring her world famous sweet potatoes, and your sister to bring dessert.
  • Thanksgiving is supposed to be about family, friends and being grateful for what we have not a sentence to kitchen hell. See my blog: Don't be a turkey dinner martyr this Christmas
  • For some side dish recipes, check out my website www.mairlynsmith.com click on Seasonal Recipes and then on Turkey Time

     

    Help

  • If for any reason you're having a turkey emergency call 1-800-Butterball. The home economists who man the lines have heard it all and are there to help you.
  • Or try www.butterball.ca for FAQ
  • Average (54 Ratings)4.45 out of 5 stars

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    Showing 30 of 101 Comments

    • 1. Posted by linda g on Mon, Oct 06, 2008

      what an informative, knowledgeable, superb article!!!!!!!!!

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    • 2. Posted by JESSE JAMES on Mon, Oct 06, 2008

      Thank you for such an informative article as I need all the help I can get. I have cooked lots of turkeys, but this really has given me more food for thought. I have wanted to know all about this for so long, now it finally has arrived, so thank God for people like you for doing such an article. The last turkey I did was like chewing on dried out rubber. Everyone said they had a good dinner and all, but when you seen them chew and drink more water I knew they were being kind.

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    • 3. Posted by dolores m on Mon, Oct 06, 2008

      lots of good information very impressive

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    • 4. Posted by pauline on Mon, Oct 06, 2008

      Lots of information that is great to know, but I have always wrapped the turkey in tin foil until the last hour and then it gets nice and brown on the outside and not dry inside

      Report Abuse
    • 5. Posted by Kathy on Tue, Oct 07, 2008

      I KNEW basting was a waste of time...I KNEW it!!! Thank you.

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    • 6. Posted by just_being_herself on Tue, Oct 07, 2008

      Really useful.... wonderful

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    • 7. Posted by catherinelangos on Tue, Oct 07, 2008

      Fantastic Article-Always need a Turkey Refresher at this time of year.

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    • 8. Posted by ERROL H on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      Great article thank you

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    • 9. Posted by karriegranberg on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      Thank you very much for thhis information, very inforative especilly this time of year

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    • 10. Posted by Mouselady on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      I always cook my turkey wrapped in foil like Pauline. It takes half the time at 450 degrees and it's so moist it just falls off the bone. Another trick is to cook it the day before and slice the meat right away. Place the slices on a microwable dish, and you can heat it up just before Thanksgiving dinner. This also allows you to boil the carcass for soup as well (I think turkey soup is the best part anyway)!

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    • 11. Posted by totheusnow on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      thank you thank you thank you, turkey is on the menu

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    • 12. Posted by Darlene M on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      Can turkey leftovers be frozen and if so for how long? darlene

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    • 13. Posted by barniclebobca on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      wash your hands alot!!! love it!!! wish cooking shows would wash their hands.. Never never never! Lets all get on the band wagon and email them all (cooking shows) to wash their hands and cheffs should know better than not wearing head gear. Pigs

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    • 14. Posted by care'n on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      Stripped bacon draped over the turkey and onions allows for the juices to keep the turkey from drying, basting is still required however not as often. Use the cooked bacon and onions, chopped in the stuffing. Adds flavour to the gravy too. When I cooked my first turkey I was told do this and being doing so ever since as I'm not known as a good cook in general... they like my turkey!

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    • 15. Posted by markleaman50 on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      That sounds too much like work to me, I say let's go to Swiss Chalet!

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    • 16. Posted by Food satety geek on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      In fact, It's scientificaly demonstrated that it's perfectly safe too thaw poultry on the counter. See these paper for complete explanation. http://www.hi-tm.com/Documents/Thaw-counter.html http://www.hi-tm.com/Documents/Turkey-Thanks.html

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    • 17. Posted by bellissimo_pinky on Wed, Oct 08, 2008

      Always good to get a refresher in the bird do's & don'ts for Thanksgiving and Christmas dinners. Since thats the only time we eat turkey, it's good to keep up on things going on instead of just doing it the same old way each time.

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    • 18. Posted by debtrades on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      Can I stuff the bird and refrigerate it the day before cooking so that the day of the big meal all I have to do is pull it out of the fridge and stick it in the oven?

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    • 19. Posted by peace on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      When you cook a turkey, have you ever thought about how the turkey felt when she/he was killed. Animals like human beings are afraid to die, have emotions, have souls. Please stop killing animals, stop eating meat. Peace starts from your plate.

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    • 20. Posted by Babycake on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      Thanks...always nice to refresh my memory...I only do this once a year...

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    • 21. Posted by globar on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      I have just e-mailed this article to my daughter ..who is having 8 people to Thanksgiving dinner and cooking her first turkey!! She was M.S.N me all week about how to cook the bird...then lo and behold up pops turkey 101 ..thankyou

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    • 22. Posted by toaster Lady on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      great article we all need a refresher course once in a while.thanks

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    • 23. Posted by daffodil on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      turkey... wonder,ilove to cook buti came from the philippines and we dont have the tradition of roast turkey,we had roast hog a fiesta celebration that was handded to us by the spainiards.Lots of pilipinos imigrated here in canada.When thanksgiving comes i invite my friends to have dinner in my place.They are amage to taste my roast turkey cause it doesnt have a turkey smell,what i do i rub the turkey with lemon juice inside and out,so the turkey smell is gone,and the taste is good now i share it to all pilipinos that love to cook,also im sharing it to all people,i learn it in Italy when i was working there.have a good turkey thanksgiving everyone.

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    • 24. Posted by old bald guy on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      I cook my turkey upside down for two thirds of the roastng time, its hard to flip but it

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    • 25. Posted by vitto on Thu, Oct 09, 2008

      wow best information ever and comical too!!!!!

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    • 26. Posted by jody on Fri, Oct 10, 2008

      What do you do when your turkey is so big it will not fit in the pan? I amy be able to squish it in, but the sides will burn. Oh No.. why did I offer to have dinner?

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    • 27. Posted by hettiesimpson on Sat, Oct 11, 2008

      Thank you, thank you, thank you, for reiterating the need to wash hands often. Someone will avoid food poisoning thanks to this great article! I'm going to go wash my hands . . .

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    • 28. Posted by Ramona on Sat, Oct 11, 2008

      I think this is great. this is going to be the first time I will cook a turkey and is going to be for about 15 or more people. I got a tukey of 16 lbs. Would it be enough for all of us. wish me a good luck in my first cooking turkey.

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    • 29. Posted by william m on Sat, Oct 11, 2008

      If u would like a little humour to your dish, I would would suggest you cook a turkey in a pot by putting McCain in it!!!!

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    • 30. Posted by Jerry on Sat, Oct 11, 2008

      I thought I'd pass along this info. Covering your turkey with tin foil isn't a good idea. You are absorbing small amounts of chemicals into the turkey, eventually you eat this. What I do now is cover my turkey with large washed cabbage leaves. This keeps the turkey moist and there is no after-taste left on your turkey from the cabbage. Good luck ! Happy Thanksgiving

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