Put oven rack in lower third of oven and preheat oven to 500 degrees F.
Toss asparagus with oil, salt, and pepper in a large shallow baking pan and arrange in 1 layer. Roast, shaking pan once about halfway through roasting, until asparagus is just tender when pierced with a fork, 8 to 14 minutes total. Serve asparagus sprinkled with cheese.